In Kings 2, the Assyrians drew on an extensive intelligence network during their invasion of the kingdom of Judah in 701 BC. According to Numbers 13, Moses sent spies into Canaan under God’s direct order to report on the land conditions. Of course, real spies have always been among us, many associated with the wisdom of our greatest leaders. Who did not appreciate James Bond, George Smiley, or Jason Bourne? And who was not amused by Boris Badenov, Natasha Fatale, Maxwell Smart, or Austin Powers?1 xi intelligence apparatus-and those of its allies-were not always playgrounds for practitioners, but thanks more to novelists, screenwriters, cartoonists, and comedians than to scholars, “licensed skullduggery”-and the secret agents who practice it-became Cold War stereotypes and satirical fodder. The president gave his senior deputies black cloaks, mustaches, and wooden daggers. Truman created a National Intelligence Authority and the post of director of central intelligence to coordinate government-wide intelligence activities, he seized the chance to have some fun. In January 1946, when the triumphant President Harry S. Japan was in ruins and its intelligence community was at its feeblest at the end of the Asia-Pacific War, a time of momentous institutional enhancement of the U.S.
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This community is atrophied no longer a close look at its past, present, and future is overdue. In the decades of study of Japan’s evolving security community, virtually no sustained attention has been paid to its once expansive-and then atrophied- intelligence community. Japan’s intelligence officers have to judge the speed, trajectory, and certainty of transformations in the balance of power, and policy makers need to decide what measures to take to protect those businesses and citizens. This has never been truer than it is today, when shifts in Tokyo’s relations with its colossal Chinese and nuclear-armed North Korean neighbors portend modification of relations with its powerful U.S. Japan’s neighborhood, and the world in which its businesses and citizens operate, have always been filled with threats. Apart from the fact that all nations claim to be unique, that Japan is not small economically or demographically, and that its dependence on imports is no greater than that of many other countries, there is some truth in this mantra. One often hears Japanese refer to their country as a unique small island trading nation, precariously dependent on imported raw materials and adrift in a hostile world. The Past and Future of Japanese IntelligenceĂ41 Notes 263 Bibliography 315 Index 345 Reengineering the Intelligence Community (2013–)ħ. Preface xi Acknowledgments xxiii List of Abbreviations xxvĥ. He was a very quiet American.” -Graham Greene, The Quiet American covert operative Alden Pyle, a colleague noted “in a low voice tense with ambiguity: ‘He had special duties’ . . . In memory of Chalmers Johnson, the bold and brilliant Asia scholar, and of Wakamiya Yoshibumi, the generous and open-minded journalist for whom the adjective “intrepid” is entirely inadequate. Classification: LCC JQ1629.I6 (ebook) | LCC JQ1629.I (print) | DDC 327.1252-dc23 LC record available at paper) Subjects: LCSH: Intelligence service-Japan-History. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
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Description: Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2019. Title: Special duty : a history of the Japanese intelligence community / Richard J. First published 2019 by Cornell University Press Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Samuels, Richard J., author. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. SPECIAL DUTY A H I STO R Y O F T H E J A PA N ESE I NTELLI GEN CE CO M M UN I TYĬORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS Ithaca and LondonĬopyright © 2019 by Cornell University All rights reserved. The Past and Future of Japanese Intelligence Reengineering the Intelligence Community (2013–)ħ.